Вертолет афалина: В России представлен сверхлёгкий скоростной вертолёт «Афалина»

Вертолёт афалина. технические характеристики. фото. — О самолётах и авиастроении

Афалина – лёгкий российский вертолёт, спроектированный в 2015 году авиастроительной компанией «Хеливейл».

Фото вертолёта Афалина

Проектирования лёгкого многоцелевого воздушного судна началось отечественными авиастроителями в 2010 году, причём, было решено отойти от уже готовых дизайн-проектов, и создать по собственной сути всецело неповторимый летательный аппарат, что наверняка обеспечивало бы успех и широкую востребованность.

Благодаря применению несложной, но в полной мере надёжной конструкции, вертолёт Афалина владеет высокой манёвренностью, что разрешает использовать его в качестве спортивного летательного аппарата, что кроме этого должно обеспечить вертолёту высокую востребованность среди потенциальных клиентов.

Вертолёт Афалина оборудован двумя соосными винтами, что снабжает летательному аппарату улучшенную стабилизацию на протяжении полёта, и разрешает развивать большее подъёмное упрочнение. Диаметр каждого из несущих винтов образовывает 6 метров, наряду с этим, оба они приводятся в перемещение от поршневой силовой установки.

Вертолёт Афалина фото

Первые тестовые опробования вертолёта Афалина с его подъёмом в атмосферу были произведены в 2015 году, тогда как, начиная с 2016 года, эта модель летательного аппарата начала выпускаться серийно, причём, отнюдь не бесполезно. На сегодня приобретением вертолётов Афалина заинтересованы и зарубежные потребители, каковые отмечают, что высокая эффективность и довольно дешевизна воздушного судна являются в полной мере приемлемыми.

Для обеспечения надлежащей безопасности при осуществлении полётов, вертолёт модели Афалина оборудован парашютной спасательной совокупностью, которая срабатывает при происхождения аварийной либо экстренной обстановке на борту, что разрешает спасти жизни людей находящихся в вертолёте.

Вертолёт Афалина

Кабина воздушного судна модели Афалина снабжена двумя креслами, и разрешает разместиться на борту двум людям – одному пилоту и одному пассажиру. Компоновка сидений есть рядной, направленной на протяжении оси летательного аппарата, наряду с этим, из-за конструктивных изюминок, достаточно маломощной силовой установки и маленькой большой взлётной массы, вертолёт не имеет возможности использоваться для транспортировки каких-либо грузов.

Силовая установка вертолёта Афалина складывается из одного поршневого авиадвигателя марки Rotax 914UL, талантливого развивать тяговую мощность в 115 л.с., что снабжает летательному аппарату возможность разгоняться до большой скорости в 250 км\ч., и свободно преодолевать дистанции на расстояниях до 750 километров, что есть очень приемлемым показателем для лёгкого воздушного судна.

Согласно данным на середину 2016 года, отечественными авиастроителями выстроено 2 воздушных судна данной модели.

Характеристики Афалина.

• Экипаж: 1 человек;
• Вместимость: 1 человек;
• Протяженность вертолёта: 7,2 м.;
• Высота вертолёта: 2,8 м.;
• Диаметр несущего винта: 6 м.;
• Масса безлюдного вертолёта: 270 кг.;
• Большой взлётный вес: 500 кг.;
• Крейсерская скорость: 200 км\ч.;
• Большая скорость полёта: 250 км\ч.;
• Большая дальность полёта: 750 км.;
• Большая высота полёта: 2000 м.;
• Силовая установка: Rotax 914UL;
• Мощность: 115 л.с.

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Афалина – лёгкий российский вертолёт, спроектированный в 2015 году авиастроительной компанией «Хелив

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90000 Common Bottlenose Dolphin | NOAA Fisheries 90001 90002 About The Species 90003 90004 Common bottlenose dolphins (referred to hereafter simply as bottlenose dolphins) are found throughout the world in both offshore and coastal waters, including harbors, bays, gulfs, and estuaries of temperate and tropical waters (estuaries are the areas where rivers meet the sea) .They are one of the most studied and well-known marine mammals in the wild. In addition, they are easy to view in the wild because they live close to shore and are distributed throughout coastal and estuarine waters. But this puts dolphins at increased risk of human-related injuries and death. They are a highly intelligent species and use sound both for communication and to hunt for food. 90005 90004 Bottlenose dolphins in the United States are not endangered or threatened, but they are protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act.They are vulnerable to many stressors and threats including disease, biotoxin, pollution, habitat alteration, vessel collisions, human feeding of and activities causing harassment, interactions with commercial and recreational fishing, energy exploration and oil spills, and other types of human disturbance (such as underwater noise). 90005 90004 NOAA Fisheries helps conserve bottlenose dolphins through collaborative management, integrated science, partnerships, and outreach. Our scientists use a variety of innovative techniques to study, protect, and rescue bottlenose dolphins in distress (e.g., disentanglement response and strandings). We facilitate collaborative approaches to better understand impacts to bottlenose dolphins and their habitat. Our work helps reduce harmful effects of human activities (such as fisheries interactions, noise, and pollution) through effective management actions based on sound science, public input, and public outreach. 90005 90010 Status 90011 90004 NOAA Fisheries estimates population size for each stock of bottlenose dolphins in its stock assessment reports.A stock is a group of animals that occupy the same area and interbreed. In all, 61 stocks of common bottlenose dolphins have been identified in U.S. waters. Population trends for many of the U.S. stocks are unknown. Five stocks along the Atlantic Coast are considered depleted under the MMPA and 46 stocks along the Atlantic Coast and Gulf of Mexico are considered strategic. 90005 90010 Protected Status 90011 90016 MMPA Depleted 90017 90018 1 distinct population segment 90005 90020 90021 Western North Atlantic Central Florida Coastal stock 90022 90023 90016 MMPA Depleted 90017 90018 1 distinct population segment 90005 90020 90021 Western North Atlantic Northern Florida Coastal stock 90022 90023 90016 MMPA Depleted 90017 90018 1 distinct population segment 90005 90020 90021 Western North Atlantic Northern Migratory Coastal stock 90022 90023 90016 MMPA Depleted 90017 90018 1 distinct population segment 90005 90020 90021 Western North Atlantic South Carolina-Georgia Coastal stock 90022 90023 90016 MMPA Depleted 90017 90018 1 distinct population segment 90005 90020 90021 Western North Atlantic Southern Migratory Coastal stock 90022 90023 90010 Appearance 90011 90018 Common bottlenose dolphins get their name from their short, thick snout (or rostrum).They are generally gray in color. They can range from light gray to almost black on top near their dorsal fin and light gray to almost white on their belly. Bottlenose dolphins living in nearshore coastal waters are often smaller and lighter in color than those living offshore. 90005 90010 Behavior and Diet 90011 90004 Bottlenose dolphins may travel alone or in groups, and the groups continually break apart and reform.Their travel is characterized by persistent movement in a consistent direction. When they are resting, it may appear that they are traveling. Resting is often characterized by tight group formations, slow movement, and intervals of methodical breathing. 90005 90004 They use breeding, playing, aggression, and gentle body contact (such as rubbing) as ways to have social interactions with one another. Calves maintain what is called «baby position» while swimming. The mom surfaces first, and the calf surfaces slightly after and behind its mother.90005 90004 Bottlenose dolphins can thrive in many environments and feed on a variety of prey, such as fish, squid, and crustaceans (e.g., crabs and shrimp). They use different techniques to pursue and capture prey, searching for food individually or cooperatively. For example, they can work to bring fish together into groups (herding). They then take turns charging through the schools to feed. They may also trap schools of fish against sand bars and seawalls for an easy dinner. They also use passive listening and / or high frequency echolocation to locate prey.90005 90004 Instead of using their teeth to chew, dolphins grip fish with their teeth, then swallow the fish whole-head first-so the spines of the fish do not catch in their throats. 90005 90010 Where They Live 90011 90018 Bottlenose dolphins are found in temperate and tropical waters around the world. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, including harbors, bays, gulfs, and estuaries, as well as nearshore coastal waters, deeper waters over the continental shelf, and even far offshore in the open ocean.In the United States, bottlenose dolphins are found along the West Coast off California, Oregon, and Washington, and in the Hawaiian islands. They are also found in coastal and offshore waters along the East Coast from New York to Florida, throughout the Gulf of Mexico, and in the Caribbean. Worldwide, bottlenose dolphins can be found in the Mediterranean and Black seas, as well as the southwestern Indian Ocean. In the Pacific Ocean, they range from northern Japan and central California to Australia and Chile.In the Atlantic Ocean, they range from at least as far north as Georges Bank (off Massachusetts) and the British Isles to Tierra del Fuego (in Argentina) and northern Namibia. 90005 90074 90010 Lifespan & Reproduction 90011 90018 Bottlenose dolphins can live at least 40 years, with some females outliving males at 60 years or more.They generally begin to reproduce when they are between 5 and 15 years old, with the exact age varying by population. Female bottlenose dolphins can reach sexual maturity before males. Females are pregnant for about 12 months. Once calves are born, they nurse for up to 20 months and generally stay with their mothers for 3 to 6 years. On average, females give birth every 3 to 6 years. Females as old as 45 have given birth. 90005 90010 Threats 90011 90018 Bottlenose dolphins are exposed to a variety of human-caused and natural threats and stressors.Some of the most pressing threats are discussed below. 90005 90016 Interactions with Fishing Gear 90017 90004 One of the main threats to bottlenose dolphins is getting caught in fishing gear. Dolphins can become entangled or captured in commercial fishing gear such as gillnets, seines, trawls, trap pots, and longlines. 90005 90004 In addition to interactions with commercial fisheries, dolphins may also encounter rod-and-reel gear used by recreational anglers or for-hire fishing vessels (such as charter boats and headboats).This problem is increasing, especially in the southeast United States and is largely the result of dolphins taking the bait and the catch directly from fishing gear, eating discarded fish, or being fed fish (illegally) by humans causing them to associate anglers with food. These interactions can cause dolphins to be injured or killed by entanglement in or ingestion of the gear. In addition, fishermen sometimes become frustrated when dolphins take their catch, and can retaliate with violence towards dolphins.90005 90089 Habitat Destruction and Degradation 90017 90004 Common bottlenose dolphins living near shore are also susceptible to habitat destruction and degradation by contaminants and oil spills. For example, dolphins living in areas with high levels of PCBs were shown to have impacts to their immune systems. Dolphins in areas affected by the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill were found to have compromised immune systems and decreased reproductive success (PDF, 685 pages). In addition to chemical contamination, physical habitat degradation due to shoreline development and increased boat traffic is also of concern.90005 90089 Biotoxins 90017 90004 Several common bottlenose dolphin die-offs have occurred in recent years, linked to harmful algal blooms such as red tide. Several HABs (or several HAB-related die-offs) have been confirmed along the coast of Florida and others were suspected elsewhere in the Gulf of Mexico. Dolphins can be exposed to HAB toxins through the air or by eating contaminated prey. Biotoxin exposure can lead to both acute and more chronic health issues for dolphins. 90005 90089 Illegal Harassment and Feeding Activities 90017 90004 Bottlenose dolphins are easy to view in the wild, but this also puts them at increased risk of human-related injuries and death.Feeding and attempting to feed dolphins is harmful and illegal because it changes their natural behaviors and reduces their wariness of people and vessels. They learn to associate humans with an easy meal and change their natural hunting practices by begging for handouts and taking bait / catch directly off fishing gear. Dolphins also teach these unnatural and risky feeding strategies to their calves and other dolphins. Dolphins are then more vulnerable to vessel strikes and to fishing gear entanglements and ingestion.They also may fall victim to extreme retaliatory acts (such as shooting) by frustrated boaters and fishermen. 90005 90004 Dolphins may also be disturbed or harassed by the presence of humans and watercraft. Harassment is illegal and occurs when any act of pursuit, torment, or annoyance has the potential to injure the animal or disrupt its s behaviors. Any human-caused change to a dolphin’s behavior may constitute disturbance or harassment. Certain critical survival behaviors are particularly vulnerable, and disturbance may lead to injuries or death.Long-term negative impacts include compromised health, reduced reproductive success, and displacement from, or avoidance of, important habitats. 90005 90010 Scientific Classification 90011 90105 90106 Animalia 90107 90106 Chordata 90107 90106 Mammalia 90107 90106 Cetartiodactyla 90107 90106 Delphinidae 90107 90106 90117 Tursiops 90118 90107 90106 90117 truncatus 90118 90107 90124 .90000 Common Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops Truncatus) 90001 90002 Bottlenose Dolphin 90003 90004 (Tursiops Truncatus) 90005 90004 INFORMATION AND CHARACTERISTICS. 90005 90008 No other dolphin species is known, studied and beloved in the world more than the bottlenose dolphin. Charismatic, playful and intelligent are some of the words often associated with this dolphin. And it has been presented in several manifestations of human culture such as films, literature, television, and much more, but not only in modern times, since the age of the Greek civilization, there are records of interaction with this cetacean.90009 90008 Its presence in aquariums and dolphinariums is also very common which makes it the most familiar and recognized species of dolphin. 90009 90004 HOW DO THEY LOOK? PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS. 90005 90008 90015 Morphology. 90016 90017 The bottlenose dolphin has a fusiform and robust body, extremely efficient for keeping a fast speed when swimming. Its snout is short but thick and well defined which gives it the colloquial name. Its dorsal fin, located in the center of the dorsal area, is big and curved.90009 90019 90008 Order: Cetacea 90017 Family: Delphinidae 90017 Genus: Tursiops 90009 90024 90008 90015 Weight and size. 90016 90017 Males are somewhat larger than females. In adulthood, adults measure 2 to 4 meters and weigh between 150 and 650 kilograms. 90009 90008 90015 Skin Coloration. 90016 90017 Its skin is dark gray in the dorsum, a bit lighter gray in the sides and light gray color in the ventral region which sometimes is whitish. 90009 90035 90008 Bottlenose dolphin — Tursiops truncatus.90009 90004 WHERE DO THEY LIVE? DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. 90005 90008 The bottlenose dolphin dwells in tropical, subtropical and temperate waters between latitudes 45 ° north and 45 ° south. This cetacean is native to the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Although they do not usually live in polar areas, it can be present in northern Europe. 90009 90008 It is a very adaptable dolphin because it has a great variety of habitats either on the open ocean and near the coasts.It has the possibility of living in bays, estuaries, coastal areas and low-depth places as well as the high sea. 90009 90004 WHAT DO THEY EAT? DIET AND EATING HABITS. 90005 90008 The bottlenose dolphin has a vast diet based on the consumption of fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans. But, given their extensive and differentiated distribution, their feeding habits vary depending on the region they inhabit and the habitat where they dwell. 90009 90008 Bottlenose dolphins living in high seas feed on several species of fish and pelagic squids, while dolphins near the coasts consume fish and benthic invertebrates found in coastal areas.The diet of any dolphin depends on the availability of prey in the environment. 90009 90050 90008 Bottlenose dolphin range 90009 90008 Some of the common prey that this dolphin consume are: 90009 90008 Stardrum (Stellifer lanceolatus). 90017 Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus). 90017 Hake (Merluccius merluccius). 90017 Blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou). 90017 King mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla). 90017 Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). 90017 Atlantic brief squid (Lolliguncula brevis).90017 Squid of the genus Loligo. 90009 90008 Their prey has a small size, measuring between 5 and 30 centimeters in length. They can feed individually but often cooperate with others to hunt, especially when dealing with a large school of fish. In these cases, the dolphins coordinate to chase or herd the bank swimming very agile to keep the school together and take turns to swim through the school feeding very efficiently; Some other times, they use their echolocation to find or stun prey. 90009 90008 Once they have found food nearby, they catch it and holds it tightly with their teeth.To kill it, dolphins shakes it in the air and sometimes hit the body against water or strike it with its tail. Then swallow it entirely, without using the teeth to chew. 90009 90008 These dolphins also feed in unusual ways: if they have the opportunity, they follow the fishing boats to consume discarded animals or take captive fish in the fishing nets. 90009 90004 HOW DO THEY BEHAVE? BEHAVIOR 90005 90008 Probably you have seen how this dolphin confidently approaches humans and jumps in the air.The bottlenose dolphin is very common in dolphinariums due to its excellent adaptability and relatively easy training. It is an intelligent animal, and most knowledge about dolphins is the result of research made on this species. 90009 90008 Their pods are socially open, made up of 2-20 individuals, except for some occasions when they group into super pods with hundreds or even thousands of them. A society of bottlenose dolphins contains a group of mothers with their offspring, a group of young individuals and a group of adult males.90009 90008 Their friendly and empathetic behavior is evident when they help buddies unable to swim, and this is more manifest in mothers who have lost calves. The bottlenose dolphin partners with several species of dolphins and cetaceans and has even interbred successfully with the false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens). 90009 90008 Active and playful, it can perform a large variety of movements and stunts: it strikes its tail against the water, rides the bow waves created by boats and jumps out of the water full of energy.90009 90080 90008 Bottlenose dolphin jumping in the aquarium show. 90009 90004 HOW DO THEY REPRODUCE? MATING AND REPRODUCTION. 90005 90008 The sexual maturity of this polygamous dolphin varies according to the place where it lives, but the age ranges between five to ten years for females and 8 to 13 for males. However, males usually mate for the first time at around 20 years old. 90009 90008 Usually, males create alliances to look for receptive females in heat. Once they found possible partners, they try to attract them by arching their back, touching their body and making sounds.They mate joining their bellies in the same direction. 90009 90008 The gestation period lasts about 12 months, after which the female gives birth to one offspring any time of the year, this can happen every 3 to 6 years. 90009 90004 WHAT IS THEIR CONSERVATION STATUS? THREATS AND CONSERVATION. 90005 90008 90015 Conservation status: «Least Concern.» 90016 90009 90008 The bottlenose dolphin has a conservation status of «Least Concern» on the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature notwithstanding the following continuous threats: 90009 90008 — Bycatch in gillnets, trawls and draft nets.90017 — The intentional catch in some countries for human consumption or bait. 90017 — Contamination of its habitat. 90017 — Catch for keeping in captivity (aquariums and dolphinariums) 90017 — Noise pollution. 90009 90008 The Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 protects the life of this species, as well as the Habitats Directive of the European Union. In Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, its hunting is prohibited and included in Appendix II of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) as a species in need of regulation on its trade.90009 90004 Bottlenose Dolphin Infographic! 90005 90008 90110 90009 90008 (Click for expand) 90009 90008 90009 90008 90009 90008 90009 90008 90009 90008 90009 90008 90009 90008 90009 90008 90015 References 90016 90009 90008 http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22563/0 90009 90008 William F. Perrin, Bernd Würsig, J.G.M. ‘Hans’ Thewissen. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press, 2009. Page 249. 90009 90008 Jefferson, Webber, Pitman. Marine Mammals of the World: A Comprehensive Guide to Their Identification.Academic Press, 2015. Page 238. 90009 90008 http://www.cms.int/reports/small_cetaceans/data/t_truncatus/t_truncatus.htm 90009 90008 http://www.sms.si.edu/irlspec/Tursio_trunca.htm 90009 90008 90009 90008 90009 .90000 Bottlenose Dolphin 90001 90002 Bottlenose dolphins squeak, squawk and use body language-leaping as high as 20 feet in the air, snapping their jaws, slapping their tails on the surface of the water, blowing bubbles and even butting heads.Each dolphin has a special whistle that it creates soon after it is born. This whistle is used for identification, just like a human’s name. Dolphins also produce high frequency clicks, which act as a sonar system called echolocation (ek-oh-low-KAY-shun). When the clicking sounds hit an object in the water, like a fish or rock, they bounce off and come back to the dolphin as echoes. Echolocation tells the dolphins the shape, size, speed, distance, and location of the object. 90003 90002 Bottlenose dolphins have a sharp sense of hearing.Scientists believe that the sounds travel through the dolphin’s lower jaw to its inner ear and then are transmitted to the brain for analysis. 90003 90002 Dolphins grow to be anywhere from 6 to 12 feet long. They shed their outermost layer of skin every two hours. 90003 90002 Very social and playful mammals, bottlenose dolphins form friendships that last decades hunting, mating and protecting each other. They like to surf in the waves and wakes of boats and swim through self-made bubble rings.They can swim up to 22 miles an hour. 90003 90002 These sea mammals feed on fish, squid, and shrimp. A group of dolphins will cooperate to make a mud ring to trap fish. Then, some of the dolphins in the group will wait outside the ring for the fish that try to escape, gulping them up as a snack. 90003 90002 Bottlenose dolphins are found in warm water all over the world. They live both in shallow water close to shore and far out in deep dark water. Dolphins face a lot of problems with getting trapped in the garbage humans leave on the beach.90003 90002 Bottlenose Dolphin Dolphins are born tail-first! Learn more amazing facts about these amazing creatures with National Geographic Kids.90003 90002 Continue Reading 90003 .90000 Dolphin mom adopts whale calf-a first 90001 90002 90003 The orphaned calf even learned to act like a bottlenose dolphin, gaining acceptance into the community. 90004 90005 90002 A bottlenose dolphin mother off the coast of French Polynesia was spotted caring for a melon-headed whale. 90005 90002 90003 The orphaned calf even learned to act like a bottlenose dolphin, gaining acceptance into the community.90004 90005 90002 A bottlenose dolphin mother off the coast of French Polynesia was spotted caring for a melon-headed whale. 90005 90002 Bottlenose dolphins are doting mothers, nursing, protecting, and playing with their youngsters for up to six years. 90005 90002 Now, new research has revealed the first known case of a wild bottlenose mom adopting a calf of another species.90005 90002 In 2014 року, researchers spotted a bottlenose mother caring for an unusual-looking male calf, along with what was presumed to be her biological calf, in coastal waters off French Polynesia. 90005 90002 While bottlenose dolphins have slender beaks, the mysterious one-month-old’s beak was short and blunt. Eventually, the scientists identified the orphan as a melon-headed whale-an entirely different species and genus of dolphin. 90005 90002 «We were really excited to be able to witness such a rare phenomenon,» says study lead author Pamela Carzon, scientific leader of the Groupe d’Étude des Mammifères Marins (GEMM) de Polynésie, based in Tiputa, French Polynesia.90005 90002 Adoption is uncommon among wild mammals, with most occurring between related members of the same species. The only other scientifically documented case involving an adopted orphan of a different species and genus was in 2006, when University of S 90025 ã 90026 o Paulo primatologist Patrícia Izar observed a group of capuchins caring for a baby marmoset. «At the time, we were really, really astonished,» she says. 90005 .