Мустанг истребитель р 51: Истребитель Mustang P-51. Убийца «Мессеров» или жертва паровозов?

North American P-51 Mustang — Википедия. Что такое North American P-51 Mustang

Норт Америкэн Р-51 Мустанг (англ. North American P-51 Mustang) — американский одноместный истребитель дальнего радиуса действия периода Второй мировой войны.

История

Самолёт был разработан и произведен компанией North American по заказу правительства Великобритании в кратчайшие сроки. Первый прототип NA-73X поднялся в воздух 26 октября 1940 года, спустя всего лишь 117 дней с момента размещения заказа на его производство.

Ранние модификации самолёта снабжались двигателем Allison V-1710, обеспечивавшим прекрасные характеристики при полёте на малой высоте, но совершенно непригодном для полётов на высотах выше 4600 метров.

В апреле 1942 года, по результатам тестов британских испытателей высотные характеристики истребителя были признаны неудовлетворительными, и встал вопрос о его замене другой моделью. Но эксперты были настолько впечатлены его маневренностью и скоростью на малых высотах, что решили пригласить специалистов из компании Rolls-Royce для дальнейших консультаций. В результате этого сотрудничества самолёт стал, в дальнейшем, оснащаться двигателем Rolls-Royce Merlin и его американским аналогом Packard V-1650. Замена двигателя позволила значительно улучшить высотные характеристики истребителя, сохранив все его преимущества при полётах на малой высоте.

Конструкция

«Мустанг» — первый самолёт, который имел ламинарное крыло (которое создавало меньшее сопротивление воздуха, что снижало потребление топлива и увеличивало дальность полёта).^{[источник не указан 62 дня]}

Эксплуатация

Во время Второй мировой войны, с 1942 года, «Мустанги» начали активно использоваться в Королевских ВВС Великобритании. Они патрулировали над Ла-Маншем и вылетали на штурмовку наземных целей в северной Франции. Первый воздушный бой «Мустанг» провёл 27 июля 1942 над Дьепом. В этом вылете был атакован парой FW-190 и потерян первый «Мустанг», которым управлял американский пилот-доброволец Холлис Хиллис из 414-й эскадрильи Королевских ВВС. 19 августа 1942 года Р-51А вместе со «Спитфайрами» прикрывали зону высадки десанта во время операции «Юбилей» — высадки британских войск в порт Дьеп, где он довольно неплохо показал себя в боях (в Дьепе пилоты P-51 сбили два немецких самолёта, при этом 11 «Мустангов» было потеряно^[2]).

С начала 1944 года «Мустанги» начали использоваться как самолёты-разведчики и истребители прикрытия для дальних бомбардировщиков, наносивших удары по территории Германии. Возможность установки дополнительных топливных баков и улучшенные высотные характеристики делали их лучшими истребителями эскорта того времени. Используя топливо из подвесных баков, «Мустанг» мог сопровождать бомбардировщики, взлетавшие с баз Восточной Англии, для нанесения ударов по Берлину и другим германским городам. В небе над Берлином «Мустанг» сбрасывал подвесные баки для увеличения скорости и имел ещё достаточно топлива во внутренних баках для 15-и минут воздушного боя на полном газе и последующего возвращения на базу.

Появление в небе над Германией «Мустангов» сильно ухудшило ситуацию для ПВО Третьего рейха, поскольку с этого момента немецким истребителям приходилось бороться с американскими истребителями, связывавшими их атаками при взлете, наборе высоты и попытках перехвата соединений союзной бомбардировочной авиации. 4 марта 1944 года P-51 прикрывали первый налёт американской авиации на Берлин, при этом 23 «Мустанга» были сбиты немецкими истребителями^[3]. В этом же качестве «Мустанги» применялись и на Тихом океане против Японии. Большие потери были понесены в «чёрную пятницу» 1 июня 1945 года: из 148 «Мустангов», отправившихся в налёт на Осаку, 27 были потеряны (все — из-за технических неполадок или плохой погоды), 1 пилот погиб и ещё 24 пропали без вести, при этом был сбит только 1 японский самолёт^[4].

Сбитый в ходе Суэцкого кризиса израильский «Мустанг»

Общие боевые потери «Мустангов» на Европейском ТВД составили 2520 машин. Среди пилотов люфтваффе наиболее успешными борцами с «Мустангами» были Вильгельм Штейнман (12 сбитых), Гейнрих Бартелс (11), Хайнц Бэр (10), Франц Шалль (10), Вильгельм Хоффманн (10)^[5]. Семь сбитых «Мустангов» имел на своём счету Эрих Хартманн, самый результативный немецкий лётчик-истребитель^[6].

После войны наиболее активно P-51 использовались в ходе войны в Корее. Понесли тяжёлые потери, согласно официальному американскому документу «USAF Statistical Digest FY1953» в войне ВВС США потеряли 356 обычных «Мустангов» и 22 «двойных» (332 F-51, 24 RF-51 и 22 F-82, погибло около 300 пилотов), из которых было потеряно в бою 300 F-51, 22 RF-51 и 11 F-82, потеряно в инцидентах 32 F-51, 2 RF-51 и 11 F-82.^[7] 28 «Мустангов» было сбито советскими истребителями МиГ-15 и 12 китайскими МиГ-15, ещё советские «МиГи» сбили два двойных «Мустанга»и китайские «МиГи» один. ВВС ЮАР в войне использовала 94 F-51 в составе 2-й эскадрильи. Эскадрилья в ходе войны была практически полностью уничтожена, потеряв 74 «Мустанга» и 42 лётчика. ВВС Южной Кореи в ходе войны потеряли больше половины F-51, их потери составили 68 машин.^[8] ВВС Австралии использовали F-51 в составе 77-й эскадрильи, из которых около 20 было потеряно. Таким образом в ходе войны было потеряно около 500 истребителей F-51.

P-51 использовались в ВВС Израиля. 29 ноября 1956 года израильская армия при поддержке самолётов P-51 вторглась на территорию синайского полуострова. За 9 дней вторжения «Мустанги» совершили 184 боевых вылета, 9 было сбито, 2 пилота погибло и 1 попал в плен^[9].

Впоследствии большое число «Мустангов» перешло в гражданское пользование для участия в авиационных шоу и различных соревнованиях. 16 сентября 2011 года во время одного такого шоу в американском штате Невада самолёт Р-51 Мустанг рухнул на толпу наблюдавших за соревнованиями зрителей, в результате чего 9 человек погибли и несколько десятков получили ранения^[10].

В СССР

Во время Второй мировой войны в ходе поставок по ленд-лизу СССР были предоставлены 10 «Мустангов», поступившие в НИИ ВВС для ознакомления. Несмотря на свои большие скорость и дальность полёта восторга у советских лётчиков «Мустанг» не вызвал: здесь бои шли на средних высотах близ линии фронта; для чего более подходящей являлась «Аэрокобра», имевшая высокую маневренность. Дальнейших поставок P-51 в СССР не было.

Тактико-технические характеристики

Приведены характеристики модификации P-51D. Источник данных: Ильин, 1996, стр. 24; Loftin, 1985; Котельников, 2010, стр. 55-61.

http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/mustang/P-51D_15342_Level.jpg Скорость могла изменятся в зависимости от модификации, топлива и режима

Технические характеристики

Лётные характеристики

Вооружение

• Стрелково-пушечное: 6 × 12,7 мм пулемётов M2 в крыле, ближние к фюзеляжу по 400 патр., остальные по 270 патр.
• Неуправляемые ракеты:  
  • 6 × ракет M8 в трубчатых направляющих M10 или M14 или M15
  • 10 × 127 мм ракет HVAR (вместе с ПТБ — 6 ракет)
• Бомбы: 2 × до 454 кг под крылом
• Подвесные топливные баки: 2 × 284 л или 409 л под крылом

В компьютерных играх

Наиболее проработанный мустанг можно увидеть в Digital Combat Simulator и в «Ил-2 штурмовик»

В игре War thunder имеется возможность исследовать и приобрести этот истребитель.

В игре Simple Planes один из изначально доступных самолетов.

Один из истребителей американской Eighth Air Force в игре Secret Weapon of the Luftwaffe.

Также присутствует в различных модификациях в игре War Wings.

В игре GTA San Andreas этот этот самолёт известен под названием Rustler.

См. также

Литература

• Ильин В. и др. Истребитель Норт Америкэн «Мустанг». — М.: Техниформ, июль 1996. — 32 с. — (Крылья — дайджест лучших публикаций об авиации. Вып. 5). — 2000 экз.
• Котельников В. Р. Истребитель «Мустанг». «Воздушный кадиллак». — М.: ВЭРО Пресс, Яуза, Эксмо, 2010. — 128 с. — (Война и мы. Авиаколлекция). — ISBN 978-5-699-41773-5.
• Котельников В.Р. Авиационный ленд-лиз. — М.: Фонд «Русские Витязи», 2015. — 368 с. — 1000 экз. — ISBN 985-5-9906036-3-9.
• Харук А.И. Истребители Второй Мировой. Самая полная энциклопедия. — М.: Яуза, ЭКСМО, 2012. — 368 с. — 1500 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-58917-3.
• P-51 Mustang. — Т. 1. — (Война в воздухе № 39).
• P-51 Mustang. — Т. 2. — (Война в воздухе № 40).
• P-51 Mustang. Техническое описание и боевое применение. — (Война в воздухе № 89).
• Р-51 «Мустанг». — (Война в воздухе № 124).
• Loftin L. K., Jr. Quest for performance: The evolution of modern aircraft. — Washington, D.C.: NASA Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

Ссылки

Примечания

90000 P-51 Mustang | Facts, Specifications, & History 90001 90002 90003 P-51 90004, also called 90003 Mustang 90004, a single-seat, single-engine fighter aircraft originally designed and produced by North American Aviation for the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and later adopted by the US Army Air Forces (USAAF). The P-51 is widely regarded as the finest all-around piston-engined fighter of World War II to be produced in significant numbers. 90007 90002 The P-51 originated with an April 1940 proposal to the British Aircraft Purchasing Commission by the chief designer of North American Aviation, J.H. ( «Dutch») Kindelberger, to design a fighter from the ground up rather than produce another fighter, the Curtiss P-40, under license. The result was a trim low-wing monoplane powered by a liquid-cooled in-line Allison engine. Other fighters powered by non-turbo-supercharged Allisons, notably the P-40 and P-39, had shown mediocre performance, and the U.S. War Department had reserved turbo-supercharger production for four-engined bombers (the P-38 Lightning being the only exception at that point).Nevertheless, by using experimental data obtained from the U.S. National Advisory Committee on Aviation, Kindelberger’s team achieved a giant leap in performance. Their design, dubbed Mustang by the British, had a low-drag laminar-flow wing and an efficient low-drag engine cooling system that gave it exceptional speed and range. It had a maximum speed of about 390 miles (630 km) per hour and a combat range of roughly 750 miles (1,200 km). The use of external drop tanks nearly doubled its operational range to 1,375 miles (2,200 km).The only drawback was the Allison’s lack of an efficient high-altitude supercharger, which restricted the plane to low-altitude operations below 15,000 feet (4,600 metres). The Mustang first flew in October 1940 entered production in May 1941 року, and began combat operations with the RAF in April 1942. Some 1,579 Allison-powered Mustangs were produced. They were typically equipped with two .50-calibre nose-mounted and four .30-calibre wing-mounted machine guns, although one model had four 20-mm cannons and another (the A-36A) was a dive-bomber for the USAAF .They served as low-altitude fighters and as long-range photo-reconnaissance aircraft under the designation F-6, mostly with the RAF. 90007 90003 P-51 90004 P-51 Mustang fighter in flight. 90012 Air Force Historical Research Agency 90013 90002 In the meantime, the British had experimented with Mustangs fitted with the powerful Rolls-Royce Merlin engine, and they discovered that the Merlin’s efficient mechanical supercharger gave the fighter outstanding high-altitude performance. North American quickly followed suit.The Merlin was already being produced under license in the United States by the Packard Motor Company, and by the summer of тисяча дев’ятсот сорок три Packard Merlin-powered P-51s were coming off North American’s assembly line. Merlin-powered P-51s, equipped with jettisonable drop tanks, had an operational range of more than 1,600 miles (2,500 km), and they mounted their first long-range bomber escort missions over Germany in mid-December 1943. They quickly established ascendancy over Germany’s premier fighters, the Me 109 and the Fw 190.The P-51’s superiority was particularly evident above 20,000 feet (6,000 metres). By March тисячі дев’ятсот сорок чотири, P-51s were available in quantity and, in combination with drop tank-equipped P-47 Thunderbolts and P-38s, had taken the Luftwaffe’s measure in the daylight skies over Germany. 90007 90003 P-51 90004 American-built P-51s are loaded onto the deck of a British aircraft carrier in Liverpool, England, February 1, 1944. 90012 Air Force Historical Research Agency 90013 90002 The crippling losses which the U.S. bombers had previously suffered were thereafter drastically reduced: in October тисячі дев’ятсот сорок три as many as 9.1 percent of the Eighth Air Force bomber sorties credited with attacking their targets had failed to return, and a further 45.6 percent had been damaged. In February 1944 the corresponding figures fell to 3.5 percent and 29.9 percent. From that point, Germany was effectively under round-the-clock bombardment. Though fewer in number, the P-51 could penetrate deeper into German airspace than the other U.S. fighters and was better in air-to-air combat; it thus played a disproportionately large role in the defeat of the Luftwaffe. 90007 Get exclusive access to content from our тисяча сімсот шістьдесят вісім First Edition with your subscription. Subscribe today 90002 Approximately 1,500 Merlin-powered Mustangs were used by the RAF for daylight duties over Europe, and the plane was produced under license in Australia toward the end of the war. A few were delivered to Nationalist China. The most widely produced version was the P-51D.Fitted with a Plexiglas «bubble» canopy for all-around vision, it flew to a maximum speed of about 440 miles (700 km) per hour, reached an operating ceiling of almost 42,000 feet (12,800 metres), and was armed with six wing -mounted 0.50-inch (12.7-mm) machine guns. Hard points below each wing allowed the P-51D to be fitted with 500-pound (230-kg) bombs or three-shot 4.5-inch (114-mm) rocket launchers, bolstering its capabilities as a close air support platform. Beginning in the spring of 1945 року, later versions of the Mustang designed for extremely long-range operations flew over Japan from bases in the Mariana Islands.The photo-reconnaissance version of the Mustang, the F-6, was used in all theatres of the war by both the USAAF and the RAF. Unlike photo-reconnaissance versions of the P-38, the F-6 retained its armament, being used primarily in low-altitude operations where it might have to defend itself. Well-liked by those who flew it, the Mustang was not without vices; careless fuel transfer could result in an out-of-tolerance centre of gravity and control problems, and the liquid-cooled engine, with its coolant jacket, radiators, and tubing, was far more vulnerable to battle damage than was the P-47’s air -cooled radial (making the latter the preferred machine for ground attack).90007 90002 About 13,300 Merlin-powered Mustangs were produced in the United States. Though production contracts were canceled at war’s end, the P-51 remained in service with the Air Force for several years thereafter. P-51s, some taken out of «mothballs,» were used for ground-attack missions early in the Korean War (1950-53). Mustangs also were used by Nationalist forces in the Chinese Civil War and by Israel in the 1956 Sinai invasion. P-51s continued to serve in less-developed countries into the 1960s and last saw combat in Salvadoran hands during the 1969 Soccer War with Honduras.90007.90000 51 — War Thunder Wiki 90001 90002 P-51 Mustang 90003 90004 90002 Cockpit 90003 90002 General characteristics 90003 90002 4.0 / 3.7 / 4.0BR 90003 90002 1 personCrew 90003 90002 4.8 tTake-off weight 90003 90002 5.17 kg / sBurst mass 90003 90002 Flight characteristics 90003 90002 8 839 mCeiling 90003 90002 Allison V-1710-39Engine 90003 90002 InlineType 90003 90002 waterCooling system 90003 90002 Speed ​​of destruction 90003 90002 845 km / hStructural 90003 90002 295 km / hGear 90003 90002 Offensive armament 90003 90002 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannonWeapon 1 90003 90002 500 roundsAmmunition 90003 90002 600 shots / minFire rate 90003 90002 Economy 90003 18 000 90043 Research77 000 90044 Purchase 90044 2 890/3 707/3 510/4 503/1 380/1 770Repair22 000 90044 Crew training77 000 90044 Experts400 90048 Aces136% 90043 Reward for battle 90050 90051 90052 90053 This page is about the American fighter 90054 P-51 90055. For other uses, see P-51 (Family). 90056 90057 90058 90059 90060 Description 90061 90062 90002 90064 The 90054 P-51 Mustang 90055 is a rank III American fighter with a battle rating of 4.0 (AB / SB) and 3.7 (RB). It was introduced in Update 1.49 «Weapons of Victory». 90003 90002 The P-51 Mustang retains a lot of the traits that may be found in its later variants. The main difference comes from the limited Allison power plant and its formidable armament of 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons. The plane may not climb very well but does retain the traits of an energy fighter. Even with its limited climb rate the aircraft’s dive-speed is excellent, but manoeuvrability is average at best.The armament is the true advantage of this aircraft. The 20 mm cannons are powerful, but with only 500 rounds do not try to go for more than what the P-51 can handle. The best way to use the P-51 is for Boom & Zoom. 90003 90002 The P-51, when fully upgraded, is an extremely deadly opponent, especially as a rank III. The engine will have a hard time hitting the «overheated» mark, even when using WEP. Use caution though, as the engine will retain its heat when constantly on 100% power, so it takes a bit to cool down.Also be sure to utilise the flaps: they are a major asset to the plane’s overall turn-fighting ability and sometimes allow it to survive a turn-fight with Soviet aircraft. This is an awesome plane for those just starting out in Realistic Battles, as the 20 mm cannons are good at scoring quick victories. 90003 90060 General info 90061 90074 Flight performance 90075 90002 «The Need for Speed» is a worthy credo for all Mustangs. This initial iteration boasts a significant speed advantage over many Rank III aircraft, but sacrifices are obvious.On the upside, the good maximum velocity greatly benefits the energy retention coming out of dives and for staying out of trouble. 90003 90002 Manoeuvrability is nothing to write home about (except roll-rate), especially without speed to burn. The control surfaces lock up at high speeds which makes the Mustang a comparatively agile fighter when initiating combat, but this is quickly lost. Fortunately the combat flaps have a very high speed tolerance and greatly benefit it in dogfights. Overall the P-51 likes to bleed speed in manoeuvres and the lost energy can not be easily regained.For another downside is the sluggish acceleration which further causes a low rate of climb. Managing both disadvantage is the Ace’s true skill for this elite Boom and Run fighter. However this is for an altitude range up to 4,000 m (13,000 ft). High altitude performance suffers which in combat, due the slow climb rate, is rarely reached anyway. 90003 90002 Thus all engagements, may they be Boom & Zoom or Boom & Run style, should be performed below said altitudes. 90003 90082 90051 90084 Characteristics 90085 90086 Max Speed ​​90087 (km / h at 5,200 m) 90085 90084 Max altitude 90087 (meters) 90085 90086 Turn time 90087 (seconds) 90085 90086 Rate of climb 90087 (meters / second) 90085 90084 Take-off run 90087 (meters) 90085 90058 90051 90103 AB 90085 90103 RB 90085 90103 AB 90085 90103 RB 90085 90103 AB 90085 90103 RB 90085 90058 90051 90103 Stock 90085 90052 589 90057 90052 577 90057 90123 8,839 90057 90052 21.3 90057 90052 22.2 90057 90129 8.5 90057 90123 491 90057 90058 90051 90103 Upgraded 90085 90052 677 90057 90052 631 90057 90052 19.6 90057 90052 20.0 90057 90052 19.9 90057 90052 13.1 90057 90058 90059 90151 Details 90152 90082 90051 90155 Features 90085 90058 90051 90103 Combat flaps 90085 90103 Take-off flaps 90085 90103 Landing flaps 90085 90103 Air brakes 90085 90103 Arrestor gear 90085 90103 Drogue chute 90085 90058 90051 90052 ✓ 90057 90052 ✓ 90057 90052 ✓ 90057 90052 X 90057 90052 X 90057 90052 X 90057 90058 90059 90082 90051 90189 Limits 90085 90058 90051 90084 Wings (km / h) 90085 90084 Gear (km / h) 90085 90197 Flaps (km / h) 90085 90086 Max Static G 90085 90058 90051 90103 Combat 90085 90103 Take-off 90085 90103 Landing 90085 90103 + 90085 90103 — 90085 90058 90051 90052 845 90057 90052 295 90057 90052 652 90057 90052 565 90057 90052 273 90057 90052 ~ 12 90057 90052 ~ 6 90057 90058 90059 90082 90051 90233 Optimal velocities (km / h) 90085 90058 90051 90103 Ailerons 90085 90103 Rudder 90085 90103 Elevators 90085 90103 Radiator 90085 90058 90051 90052 <600 90057 90052 <425 90057 90052 <440 90057 90052> 325 90057 90058 90059 90082 90051 90103 Compressor 90085 90103 Optimal altitude 90085 90103 100% Engine power 90085 90103 WEP Engine power 90085 90058 90051 90103 Setting 1 90085 90052 3,597 m 90057 90052 1,150 hp 90057 90052 1,598 hp 90057 90058 90059 90074 Survivability and armour 90075 90281 90282 19.5 mm Steel — Upper engine cowl armour plate 90283 90282 6.35 mm Steel — Fore cockpit armour plate 90283 90282 15.87 mm Steel — Armour plate behind pilot’s seat 90283 90282 38 mm Bulletproof glass — Armoured windscreen 90283 90290 90002 While the Mustang looks quite defensive on first glance, it is a deceptive one. The fuel tanks are wing-mounted and prone to fires (the D-series has got an inline one). The very small engine cowl plate could just as well be absent. Both issues combined leave many pilots a gliding and / or burning example of why to avoid bomber’s defensive fire.The P-51’s prime form of defence is speed. As a 90053 Boom & Run 90056 fighter, avoiding air-drag inducing bullet holes by not getting hit is a far preferable option anyway. Whilst setting up another attack (a.k.a. retreating from combat) the very generous backseat armour will absorb any stray shots. In general the pilot’s survivability is great. 90003 90060 Armaments 90061 90074 Offensive armament 90075 90002 The 90053 90054 P-51 90055 90056 is armed with: 90003 90281 90282 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (125 rounds per gun = 500 total) 90283 90290 90002 Quadruple Hispanos are devastating: pressing the trigger will significantly slow down the P-51. Now how is that for firepower? Although this is caused by the too light air-frame which further causes vibrations and heavy shaking due to the wing-mounted position of all arms. Hence the accuracy is appalling after the first shots leave the barrels. Trigger control is important, even more so as the Hispanos tend to overheat during long bursts.Full automatics firing will result in depleting your rounds in approximately 12.5 seconds (if the guns do not overheat and jam), conversely the reload time is quite long at 40 seconds. 90003 90060 Usage in battles 90061 90002 In an RPG the Mustang would be a rogue, the damage dealer. Quickly darting in and out of combat to deal devastating blows, the P-51 in War Thunder is a DPS main, too. Featured playstyles are Boom & Zoom, repeatedly diving on enemies and returning up high, and Boom & Run, flying into danger zone, picking of a target and retreating, all while running at top speed.Coupled with its manoeuvrability and acceleration deficits, the P-51 punishes any pilot who does not play to its strength, namely the top speed. Only late war or diving aircraft are able to catch a Mustang on the run and for the latter only with the correct timing and plenty of altitude to burn. Maintaining a cool head and areal observation are important. Retreating may look the cowardice choice, but with the speed to disengage many options open up for reversals. Note, do not perform flat turns, but rather slow, deliberate high Yo-Yos or Immelmanns for turning around.A careful approach when leading up for a shot helps in conserving precious momentum, too. 90003 90002 In Arcade Battles the option for in-air reloads may tempt the pilot to spray & pray and dump all the ammunition. However, with the inaccuracy issues and the short fire windows, a more deliberate approach is necessary. Waiting outside a furball or dogfight for the right moment to intercept is key, as the key role for the Mustang is heavy fire support. This is especially helpful against armoured attackers such as the Stuka or IL-2.Due to the lack of climb rate and poor altitude performance, bombers should not be sought out. In general the P-51 plays akin to many heavy fighters in Arcade mode. 90003 90002 In Realistic Battles the combat role is a tricky game. Lacking climb rate and high altitude performance the Mustang pilot needs to wait for the combat to come down to about 4,000 m (13,000 ft). Climbing should be done away from the expected combat zone (a.k.a. side-climbing) and at 20 ° with or 14 ° without WEP. At this point initial combat should be Boom & Run, utilizing the superior top speed to avoid combat while the enemy is focused on other team mates.Once the hostiles have dropped to a lower altitude Boom & Zooming can be engaged in. With 125 rounds per gun the fighter has got plenty of ammo to kill about six aircraft and with 30 min of fuel minimum, returning to base will be a rare occurrence. Overall this is a support fighter as in the current climbing meta engagements against higher flying interceptor-fighters are often deadly, as the Mustang then lacks the critical ability to choose the time of engagement. 90003 90002 Simulator Battles is where the P-51 (NA-91) truly shines.Flying at top speed with military rated power (100%) keeps the engine cool and enemies usually far away at one’s tail. Most of all combat happens slightly below the Mustang’s preferred altitude and the cockpit view is great, albeit with limited rearward view. Without the instructor the manoeuvrability markedly improves in comparison, for the P-51 has generous stall characteristics and is an overall stable gun platform, as long as one does not pull the trigger. Only the lack of acceleration in prolonged dogfights is a trap that even experienced pilots still fall into.An emergency dive to top speed will however fix this, if the pilot remembered to keep some altitude. And one should, for the greatest advantage is the ability to disengage any unfavourable battle and like with many things, the early Mustangs do not disappoint. 90003 90074 Manual Engine Control 90075 90082 90051 90189 MEC elements 90085 90058 90051 90084 Mixer 90085 90084 Pitch 90085 90197 Radiator 90085 90084 Supercharger 90085 90084 Turbocharger 90085 90058 90051 90103 Oil 90085 90103 Water 90085 90103 Type 90085 90058 90051 90052 Not controllable 90057 90052 Controllable 90087 Not auto controlled 90057 90052 Not controllable 90087 Not auto controlled 90057 90052 Controllable 90087 Auto control available 90057 90052 Separate 90057 90052 Not controllable 90087 1 gear 90057 90052 Not controllable 90057 90058 90059 90002 0 90003 90002 1 90003 90002 2 90003 90002 3 90003 90002 4 90003 90002 5 90003 90002 6 90003 90002 7 90003 90002 8 90003 90002 9 90003 90002 10 90003 90002 0 90003 90002 0.34 90003 90002 0.68 90003 90002 1.02 90003 90002 1.36 90003 90002 1.7 90003 90002 Horsepower in 1000hp 90003 90002 Altitude in 1000m 90003 90002 Supercharger Stage # 1: 100% 90003 90002 Supercharger Stage # 1: WEP 90003 90074 Modules 90075 90082 90051 90103 Tier 90085 90086 Flight performance 90085 90103 Survivability 90085 90103 Weaponry 90085 90058 90051 90052 I 90057 90052 Fuselage repair 90057 90052 Radiator 90057 90052 90057 90052 Offensive 20 mm 90057 90058 90051 90052 II 90057 90052 90057 90052 Compressor 90057 90052 Airframe 90057 90052 New 20 mm cannons 90057 90058 90051 90052 III 90057 90052 Wings repair 90057 90052 Engine 90057 90052 90057 90052 Mk.II year тисяча дев’ятсот сорок дві 90057 90058 90051 90052 IV 90057 90052 90057 90052 Engine injection 90057 90052 Cover 90057 90052 Mk.II year 1943 90057 90058 90059 90002 The P-51 Mustang can seem a very underwhelming aircraft at first. The primary module to focus on for early success is the 20 mm ammo belts. Ground targets belts will give more consistent results as an attacker and the Air targets belts can be devastating against flying opponents. After improving the firepower on the aircraft, begin focusing on performance upgrades.90003 90074 Pros and cons 90075 90002 90054 Pros: 90055 90003 90281 90282 Great performance 90281 90282 Great dive-speed and acceleration 90283 90282 High energy retention 90283 90282 Good performance at high speeds 90283 90282 Good roll rate 90283 90290 90283 90282 Powerful armament 90281 90282 Gains access to British belt load-outs, incl. the devastating air-targets belt 90283 90282 Very efficient at destroying bombers 90283 90290 90283 90282 20 mm guns on the Mustang are mounted in close proximity, dealing a deadly double punch when hitting 90283 90282 Can easily tackle higher BR foes 90283 90282 Can be very deadly in the hands of a skilled pilot 90283 90290 90002 90054 Cons: 90055 90003 90281 90282 Mediocre climb rate 90283 90282 Low maximum altitude 90283 90282 No separate gun control 90283 90282 No payload options available 90283 90282 Firing guns slows the plane down 90283 90282 Poor visibility in simulator mode 90283 90282 Hispano cannons overheat extremely quickly and are inaccurate unless upgraded 90283 90282 Low ammo capacity compared to machine gun-armed variants 90283 90282 Priority target when in AB mode due to its reputation of destroying planes with relative ease, smart players will try to eliminate the P-51 first.90283 90282 Minimal elevator authority without the engine producing net thrust as the plane relies heavily on streamline effect along the tail for elevator authority. Aircraft should not be landed with flaps down without an engine. 90283 90290 90060 History 90061 90002 The North American P-51 was born when the British Government showed interest in purchasing the Curtiss P-40C. Curtiss was at max production capacity, so the British inquired to North American Aviation if they would build it under license for them.North American agreed, but they wanted to build a better aircraft. A condition of the sale from North American to the British was to supply the U.S. Army with two samples free of charge. The original prototypes were designated XP-51. The U.S. Army was given fourth and tenth aircraft. One of them can still be found at the EAA Museum in OshKosh, Wisconsin. Testing of the two prototypes started in October of 1941. The new aircraft received high marks and were clearly superior to other U.S. fighters at that time.Although, the U.S. Army decided to not immediately place orders. 90003 90002 The first order of Mustangs to the British were designated Mustang I. The RAF received these aircraft behind schedule in October of 1941. Problems showed up immediately including the Allison power-plant and other design flaws. It is also important to note the Mustang Mk I’s armament consisting of four .30 Cal machine guns mounted in the wings, as well as a set of two .50 Cal mounted in the wings and two .50 Cal machine guns mounted in the nose.90003 90002 The next evolution of this aircraft was designated Mustang Mk IA. Due to the recently signed Lend Lease Act the U.S. Army was able to place an order for 150 more Mustangs on behalf of the British. These aircraft were equipped with four 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons mounted in the wings. Only 93 of the new Mustangs made it to the RAF. The U.S. Army pulled 55 for themselves and they immediately saw service. Two were kept by North American Aviation for internal use. 90003 90002 These P-51 Mustangs first saw service in April 9th ​​of тисяча дев’ятсот сорок три and the first combat loss came shortly afterwards on April 23rd.Mustangs saw action against the Japanese in the Aleutian Islands but a majority of them found their way to the Mediterranean theatre. The Mustang saw combat early on in the country of Algeria. Over time these P-51 Mustangs were converted to Reconnaissance planes. A K-24 camera was placed in the left window behind the pilot. The camera faced towards the back and down and took pictures providing battlefield reconnaissance. These aircraft saw continued service until the later part of 1944 continuing to fill the Attacker and Recon role.90003 90074 In-game description 90075 90002 The North American P-51 Mustang was a single seat fighter which was designed, developed and entered service all during the course of the Second World War. The origins of the aircraft came about in April 1940 when the British Purchasing Commission approached the North American aviation company to design a fighter to augment those already in service with RAF Fighter Command. The prototype first flew on October 26th 1940 and, after a highly successful test and evaluation period, 320 aircraft were ordered and the first production aircraft flew on May 1st тисячу дев’ятсот сорок одна.Delivered to No.26 Squadron at Gatwick, the new American fighter was designated the Mustang Mk.I by the RAF. It was considered to be superior to any other American fighter at the time, particularly at low level. However, the +1100 hp Allison V-1710 engine had a poorer performance at high altitude, particularly above 15,000 feet which was above where the engine supercharger was optimized for. 90003 90002 For this reason, the Mustangs were used in support of ground operations rather than in their intended original role as a fighter.The Mustang was very successful in this role and an additional order for a further 300 aircraft was placed. The new batch was modified by fitting self sealing fuel tanks and replacing the earlier Mustang’s eight machine guns with a new armament of four 20 mm cannon, to create the Mustang Mk.IA. The RAF’s successes with the Mustang led to a good deal of attention from the United States Army Air Force; after highlighting the fighter’s only serious shortcoming as its high altitude performance, inquiries were made into fitting the aircraft with a different engine.The British Rolls-Royce Merlin was selected for testing in five converted Mustangs, and the performance of the fighter increased dramatically. The airframe and wings were strengthened to harness the power of the Merlin engine, which also resulted in the fitting of under wing stores now being an option. Mustangs could now carry bombs, rockets or long range drop tanks. Now more than capable of competing across all altitude bands and boasting a particularly long range for a single engine fighter, the Mustang was rapidly evolving into one of the most capable air assets of the entire war.However, with British and American interest in the fighter still growing, future variants of the Mustang would show yet more improvements. 90003 90002 Generally regarded as the greatest American fighter of the Second World War, Mustang pilots were to claim nearly 5,000 air-to-air kills by the end of the conflict. The Mustang would go on to serve the USAF in the Korean War, and was exported to over 50 foreign air forces. 90003 90060 Media 90061 90002 90556 90557 90003 90002 90054 «War Thunder Realistic: P-51 Mustang [Speed ​​is Vital]» 90055 by 90053 Jengar 90056 90003 90002 90566 90557 90003 90002 90054 «P-51: The Altitude Advantage (Lite New Player Tutorial)» 90055 by 90053 MagzTV 90056 90003 90575 90060 See also 90061 90578 90579 Related development 90580 90581 90578 90579 Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era 90580 90581 90060 External links 90061 90087 90087 .90000 DCS: P-51D Mustang 90001 90002 The DCS: P-51D Mustang offers both highly-detailed simulation and easy-to-play «game» mode options for both hardcore and casual gamers. When in simulation mode, this is the most authentic simulation of the P-51D Mustang that has ever been done for the PC. Enjoy both the thrill of flying this warbird and operating its various weapons against a variety of ground and airborne targets. 90003 90002 An interactive training system puts you in the cockpit with an instructor as he walks you step-by-step of learning to fly the Mustang.90003 90002 A powerful yet easy-to-use mission editor allows you to create your own missions and campaigns. A one-click Mission Generator also allows you to instantly create battles as small or large as you wish. 90003 90002 Fly online with built-in server browser that supports up to 32 players in both head-to-head and cooperative gameplay. Fly online with other DCS aircraft like the Black Shark and the A-10C Warthog. 90003 90010 Introduction 90011 90012 90002 The North American Aviation P-51D fighter aircraft is a single-seat, low wing monoplane powered by a 12 cylinder V-1650-7 liquid cooled, Packard built Rolls Royce «Merlin» engine.The engine is equipped with a two-speed, two-stage supercharger and an automatic manifold pressure regulator. The engine spins a four blade Hamilton Standard Hydromatic constant speed propeller. 90003 90002 The Packard engine delivers approximately 1,490 horse power at sea level. The maximum altitude is approximately 40,000 feet. The supercharger ratios are approximately 6 to 1 in low blower mode and 8 to 1 in high blower mode. 90003 90002 The fuselage is a semi-monocoque, all-metal structure.The all-metal wings are built in two halves which are joined at the aircraft center line and are of full cantilever structure. The airfoil is of laminar-flow design, which provides low drag even at high speed. The tail section is metal with fabric-covered elevator and rudder control surfaces. The aircraft is flush-riveted throughout — another factor contributing to its great speed. 90003 90002 Two fuel tanks with a total capacity of 184 U.S. gallons are located inside the wing and an additional 85 gallon fuselage fuel tank is located aft of the cockpit.90003 90002 The armament consists of six .50 caliber machine guns mounted in the wings. Streamlined bomb racks installed beneath each wing panel can accommodate one 100, 300, or 500-lb. bomb each, or a depth charge or chemical tank. The bomb racks can be easily removed. Bombs may be substituted by droppable combat fuel tanks with a capacity of 75 or 110 U.S. gallons each for long-range operations. The wing can also support up to 10 unguided rockets, or up to 6 if bombs are also loaded. 90003 90010 Cockpit 90011 90002 The DCS: P-51D cockpit is a 100% six-degrees of freedom (6 DOF) cockpit that allows complete freedom of movement around the cockpit.Each panel is reproduced in exacting detail to match 1940s era P-51Ds. This includes all panels, switches, dials, buttons being animated, rendered in the 3D, and with high-resolution textures. Both day and night lighting is available. 90003 90002 When the mouse is hovered over a cockpit control, a tool tip is displayed to indicate the controls function. 90003 90029 90030 90010 Sound 90011 90002 Multi-layer sample recordings from «Miss Velma» P-51D and controlled with physical model parameters provide the distinctive Mustang sound.90003 90010 P-51D Model 90011 90002 The P-51D model is a very precise and accurate of the Mustang that includes: 90003 90039 90040 Full damage model. This includes flight surfaces that can be torn off, bullet holes and structural damage. 90041 90040 Multiple-texture maps, normal and specular maps, and 100,000 polygon construction. 90041 90040 Full animated surfaces such as flaps, canopy, landing gear, stabilizers, ailerons, etc. 90041 90040 Several authentic paint schemes.90041 90048 90049 90050 90010 Flight Dynamics 90011 90039 90040 The flight dynamics of the P-51D are a further develops the Advanced Flight Model (AFM) principles started with the Su-25 and then later improved for Ka-50 and A-10C. 90041 90040 A multi-segmented wing provides natural damping; and each aerodynamic surface has a number of airspeed-sensitive points for accurate slipstream effect calculation. Slipstream location and direction depends on plane speed, angle of attack, angle of sideslip, prop thrust and wing lift.All prop side effects, such as slipstream, torque, P-factor are taken in account in overall flight model. 90041 90040 A true thermodynamic engine model for all engine modes from idling to maximal power is provided. The boost regulator model was created as an automatic device controlling the throttle. The Bendix-Stromberg carburetor was developed as a true simulation of real device, making it possible to achieve real malfunctions as well as the boost regulator. 90041 90040 The second ( «slow») model is used for engine start-up and stop.The true thermodynamic model is used for each stroke of each cylinder, providing individual firing in cylinders, natural plane rocking during the start, over-priming, in-flight prop stop, etc. 90041 90048 90010 P-51D Systems 90011 90065 90066 Engine 90067 90002 The power plant of the P-51D is a liquid-cooled, 12-cylinder Rolls-Royce Merlin V-1650-7, built in the U.S. by the Packard Motor Car Company. It is equipped with an injection-type carburetor, a two-speed, two-stage supercharger, and develops over 1400 hp on takeoff.90003 90070 90071 Supercharger 90072 90002 The supercharger installed on the Packard Merlin engine includes two compressor stages that deliver air from the carburetor intake to the pistons under much greater pressure than would be possible through direct aspiration, allowing a greater fuel-air mixture to be burned and increasing power output. 90003 90071 Carburetor 90072 90002 The carburetor provides automatic control of the fuel-air mixture passed from the air intake to the supercharger and onto the engine manifold for combustion in the cylinders.90003 90071 War Emergency Power 90072 90002 In order to provide an extra boost to the engine in extreme situations, the throttle can be moved past the gate stop by the quadrant to break the safety wire. The engine will then be opened up to its absolute limit and will give approximately 6 in. of additional manifold pressure in excess of the normal full throttle setting of 61 in. (With mixture control set to RUN or AUTO RICH and prop set for 3000 RPM.) This throttle reserve is called War Emergency Power (WEP) and should be used only in extreme situations.If used for more than 5 minutes at a time, vital parts of the engine may be damaged. 90003 .